Common Ball Python Health Issues: Signs, Prevention, and What to Do

Common Ball Python Health Issues: Signs, Prevention, and What to Do

Ball pythons are generally hardy, low-maintenance reptiles, which makes them a popular choice for snake owners. However, like all animals, they can develop health issues—most often due to husbandry problems. Knowing what to look for and how to prevent issues can make the difference between a minor setback and a serious veterinary emergency.

Below are the most common health problems ball pythons experience, how to spot them early, and what steps to take if something goes wrong.

1. Respiratory Infections (RI) What to Look For

Respiratory infections are one of the most common issues in ball pythons. Early symptoms include:

• Wheezing, clicking, or whistling sounds when breathing

• Mucus or bubbles around the mouth or nostrils

• Open-mouth breathing

• Lethargy or refusal to eat

Common Causes

• Low enclosure temperatures

• Poor ventilation combined with high humidity

• Stress from frequent handling

Prevention

• Maintain a proper temperature gradient (warm side ~88–92°F, cool side ~76–80°F)

• Keep humidity between 50–60%, increasing slightly during sheds

• Avoid sudden temperature drops

What to Do

If symptoms appear, do not wait. Respiratory infections require treatment from a reptile-experienced veterinarian, often including antibiotics. Improve enclosure conditions immediately while scheduling a vet visit.

2. Scale Rot, What to Look For

Scale rot typically appears on the belly and lower sides of the snake:

• Red, brown, or black discoloration

• Blisters or sores

• Lifting or damaged scales

Common Causes

• Constantly damp or dirty substrate

• Poor sanitation

• High humidity without proper airflow

Prevention

• Spot clean the enclosure regularly

• Use appropriate substrate that holds humidity without staying wet

• Ensure water bowls are not spilling or leaking

What to Do

Mild cases may improve with improved cleanliness and dry conditions, but advanced scale rot requires veterinary treatment. Untreated infections can spread quickly.

3. Stuck Shed (Dysecdysis), What to Look For

• Patchy or incomplete sheds

• Retained eye caps

• Dry, flaky skin after shedding

Common Causes

• Low humidity

• Dehydration

• Lack of rough surfaces for rubbing

Prevention

• Maintain proper humidity, especially during shedding cycles

• Provide a humid hide

• Offer fresh water at all times

What to Do

Soaking the snake in lukewarm water for short periods may help loosen retained shed. Never peel skin or eye caps by hand. If shedding issues persist, consult a vet.

4. Mites and External Parasites, What to Look For

• Small black or red dots moving on the snake

• Frequent soaking in the water bowl

• Irritated or raised scales

Common Causes

• Introducing new reptiles without quarantine

• Contaminated bedding or décor

Prevention

• Quarantine new reptiles for at least 30–60 days

• Clean and disinfect enclosure items regularly

• Wash hands between handling different reptiles

• Snake Discovery Video is very helpful. How to Treat Snake Mites

What to Do

Mites spread rapidly and require immediate action. Use reptile-safe mite treatments and thoroughly clean the enclosure. Severe infestations may require veterinary intervention.

5. Refusal to Eat, What to Look For

• Skipping multiple meals

• Weight loss

• Disinterest in prey

Common Causes

• Stress

• Improper temperatures

• Seasonal behavior (especially in males)

Prevention

• Maintain stable enclosure conditions

• Avoid excessive handling

• Feed appropriately sized prey

What to Do

Occasional fasting is normal, but prolonged refusal combined with weight loss is not. Review husbandry first. We have noticed that feeding a smaller-sized rodent can help too. If the issue continues for several weeks, consult a reptile veterinarian.

When to See a Veterinarian

Seek professional help if you notice:

• Breathing issues

• Rapid weight loss

• Persistent infections or wounds

• Behavioral changes lasting more than a few days

Early treatment almost always leads to better outcomes.

Final Thoughts

In our experience rater you have one Ball Python or many, most ball python health issues are preventable with proper husbandry. Regular observation, consistent enclosure maintenance, and quick action when something seems off will help ensure your snake lives a long, healthy life.